Published in 1917, 'Ultimatum' is a provocative manifesto by Álvaro de Campos, a heteronym of Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa. The text critiques contemporary European society, expressing disillusionment with its politicians and cultural figures, and calls for a radical reinvention of societal values amidst the chaos of World War I. Campos argues for an 'artificial adaptation' to revive creativity and envisions a future led by 'Supermen' who embody a new world order. This work is notable for its passionate tone and its role in the modernist literary movement.
