Μένων
A philosophical dialogue written in the late 5th century BC. The work primarily features Socrates and his conversation with Meno, wherein they explore the nature of virtue and whether it can be taught or if it is an innate quality. This exploration delves into fundamental questions about knowledge, understanding, and moral philosophy, establishing a critical foundation for subsequent discussions on ethics. At the start of the dialogue, Meno asks Socrates whether virtue can be taught or if it is acquired through practice or is inherent by nature. Socrates admits his own ignorance about the essence of virtue and proposes they investigate the concept together. The conversation evolves as they examine various definitions of virtue, with Meno suggesting different forms tailored to men, women, and different types of roles. This leads to a deeper inquiry into whether all virtues share a common essence or substance, and the discussion remains focused on understanding virtue's fundamental nature rather than arriving at a definitive conclusion in this opening segment.
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“We do not learn, and that what we call learning is only a process of recollection.””
— Plato
“Virtue is the desire of things honourable and the power of attaining them.””
— Plato
“But that we shall be better and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire, than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know;”
— Plato
“the good are not so by nature...For if they were, this would follow: if the good were so by nature, we would have people who knew which among the young were good by nature; we would take those whom they had pointed out and guard them in the Acropolis, sealing them up there much more carefully than gold so that no one could corrupt them, and when they reached maturity they would be useful to their cities.””
— Plato
“I shouldn’t like to take my oath on the whole story, but one thing I am ready to fight for as long as I can, in word and act”
— Plato
“I mean this: we were right to agree that good men must be beneficent, and that this could not be otherwise.””
— Plato
“Socrates, I certainly used to hear, even before meeting you, that you never do anything else than exist in a state of perplexity yourself and put others in a state of perplexity. And now you seem to me to be bewitching me and drugging me and simply subduing me with incantations, so that I come to be full of perplexity. And you seem to me, if it is even appropriate to make something of a joke, to be altogether, both in looks and in other respects, like the flat torpedo fish of the sea. For, indeed, it always makes anyone who approaches and touches it grow numb, and you seem to me now to have done that very sort of thing to me, making me numb. For truly, both in soul and in mouth, I am numb and have nothing with which I can answer you. And yet thousands of times I have made a great many speeches about virtue, and before many people, and done very well, in my own opinion anyway; yet now I’m altogether unable to say what it is.””
— Plato
“When two friends, like you and me, are in the mood to chat, we have to go about it in a gentler and more dialectical way. By 'more dialectical,' I mean not only that we give real responses, but that we base our responses solely on what the interlocutor admits that he himself knows.””
— Plato
“And if we are good, we are beneficent: for all good things are beneficial. Are they not?””
— Plato
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