The Analects of Confucius (from the Chinese Classics)

A philosophical work presented as a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his disciples, likely composed during the early period of the Warring States (approximately 5th century BC). This foundational text of Confucianism serves as a guide on ethics, morality, and proper conduct, promoting virtues such as filial piety, righteousness, and respect for tradition. The opening of the text sets the stage for the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing the joy of learning, the importance of friendship, and the essence of true virtue. Each chapter presents various dialogues and reflections, illustrating the value of personal integrity, the role of rituals, and the responsibilities of both rulers and citizens in ethical governance. The beginning chapters highlight key qualities of virtuous individuals and lay down principles that promote harmony in personal relationships and societal roles. As Confucius engages with his disciples, he illustrates the significance of self-cultivation and moral rectitude in both private life and public service.