The Critique of Practical Reason

A philosophical treatise written in the late 18th century. This work examines the foundations of moral philosophy and ethics, specifically focusing on how practical reason can determine the will and moral laws. Kant explores concepts such as freedom, duty, and moral law, aiming to establish a system where morality is grounded in the rational capacities of human beings rather than in empirical experiences or speculations. At the start of the text, Kant outlines the significance of practical reason, emphasizing its role in determining moral laws that govern human actions. He introduces the idea that moral principles must stem from pure reason and not from subjective desires or empirical conditions. He posits that genuine moral laws are categorical imperatives and highlights the importance of autonomy and the universality of these laws. Kant's exploration addresses common misunderstandings surrounding morality and its relation to self-interest, arguing for a rational basis for moral obligations that transcends personal inclination.