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1859
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
1859
Translated by William Ralston Shedden Ralston
A novel written during the mid-19th century that explores the complexities of Russian aristocracy and society. The story primarily revolves around the character of Liza Kalitina, who navigates the intricacies of family, social expectations, and romantic relationships against a backdrop of changing societal norms in Russia. The opening of the novel introduces the reader to Maria Dmitrievna Kalitina, a widow living in a mansion in the provincial town of O. in 1842. We meet her aunt, Marfa Timofeevna, who provides a contrasting perspective on social issues, especially regarding respectability and moral propriety. As they converse, the arrival of Sergius Petrovich Gedeonovsky brings news of Fedor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a man with a questionable past who has recently returned to town. This news leads to discussions about love, social pretensions, and the lives of the characters surrounding Liza. The opening chapters set the stage for exploring themes of love, morality, and the complexities of human relationships in a changing society.