Philip Ainsworth Means

Philip Ainsworth Means (April 3, 1892 – November 24, 1944) was an American anthropologist, historian, and author. He was best known for his study of South America, specifically of the Inca Empire. Means made five extended trips to Peru where he studied the Incas of the Cuzco area and supervised excavations. He was the director of the National Museum of Archeology in Lima, Peru, and was associated with the Smithsonian Institution and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Means published many books, including Ancient Civilization of the Andes (1931), which became the standard textbook on Incan history and culture.