Morality Without God: A Lecture Delivered Before the Independent Religious Society

Published in 1905, 'Morality Without God' by M. M. Mangasarian is a philosophical lecture that challenges the belief that morality requires a deity. The author critiques traditional religious thought, arguing that moral principles can exist independently of religious dogma, rooted instead in human empathy and social needs. Mangasarian asserts that ethical behavior is a natural aspect of human existence, liberated from theological constraints, and emphasizes that morality can thrive through reason and human experience rather than divine mandates.