The Methods of Ethics

A philosophical treatise on ethical theory written in the late 19th century. This work explores various methods of ethical reasoning, including Egoism, Intuitionism, and Utilitarianism, aiming to clarify their implications and interrelations. By focusing on the systematic examination of different ethical frameworks rather than dictating moral conclusions, Sidgwick presents a critical analysis of how individuals can determine what is right and wrong through reasoned thought. The opening of the book sets the stage for Sidgwick's exploration by outlining the scope and objectives of ethics as a field of study. He emphasizes that ethics involves determining what individuals ought to do based on rational processes, distinguishing it from the empirical study of human behavior. Sidgwick articulates the complexity of ethical inquiry, highlighting the necessity of understanding various ethical methods and how they conflict or align with one another. He lays the groundwork for a methodical investigation into moral principles, pointing out the diversity of approaches that people use when considering moral judgment and the need for consistent application of these principles in practice.