Plutarch's Lives, Volume 4 (of 4)

A historical account written in the late 19th century. This volume contains the biographical sketches of notable figures such as Agis, Kleomenes, Tiberius and Caius Gracchus, and Cicero among others, illustrating their lives and legacies alongside comparisons that reflect their virtues and misfortunes. The work offers insight into ancient political dynamics and the contrasting characteristics of influential leaders. The opening of this volume begins with the Life of Agis, detailing the state of Sparta and the ambitious reforms he sought to implement to restore equality and revive traditional Spartan values amidst growing corruption and wealth disparity. Plutarch artfully juxtaposes Agis with Leonidas, showcasing Agis's nobility and commitment to the ancient Spartan customs against the backdrop of a society increasingly lost to luxury and decadence. Additionally, he introduces Kleomenes, revealing how the political landscape of Sparta was shifting, and hints at the conflicts arising from these ambitious reforms, setting the stage for the complex interactions and ultimate fates of both kings.