Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech

A scientific publication written in the early 20th century. The work provides a comprehensive exploration of language, emphasizing its nature as a cultural phenomenon rather than a biological instinct. Sapir aims to describe language's variability and its relationship with fundamental human interests like thought, culture, and art, laying a foundational perspective for both linguistic students and the general public. The opening of the book establishes its purpose and framework, as Sapir outlines his view that language is a culturally learned and variable system of symbols for communication, distinct from instinctive vocal expressions. He argues against theories that posit language's origins in interjections or sound imitation, asserting that language is primarily a human construct shaped by social traditions. Sapir contrasts language acquisition with the biological process of learning to walk, highlighting the critical role of societal interaction in developing linguistic abilities. He sets the stage for a deeper investigation into language's structures, elements, and their psychological and cultural implications as the book progresses.