History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 7 (of 12)
1903
History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 7 (of 12)
1903
Translated by McClure M. L.
A comprehensive historical account likely written in the late 19th century. This volume focuses on the Assyrian revival and the geopolitical landscape of the Near East, particularly detailing the reign of significant Assyrian kings like Assur-nazir-pal and Shalmaneser III. The narrative covers military tactics, political relationships, and cultural influences, analyzing Assyrian conquests and their impact on neighboring regions such as Babylon and various Syrian states. The opening of the text establishes a framework for understanding the political and military dynamics of the ancient Near East during the periods of Assur-nazir-pal and Shalmaneser III. It details the Assyrian state's recovery from previous crises and its strategies for reasserting dominance over surrounding territories, highlighting significant military campaigns against areas like Urartu and Northern Syria. The text introduces early rulers following a period of obscurity and discusses various tactics employed, such as cavalry and siege engines, reflecting the Assyrian innovations in warfare. The passage sets a tone of both detailed historical recounting and analysis of the continuous struggles for power among the great empires of the time.
About History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 7 (of 12)
Chapter Summaries
- 1
- Chronicles the revival of Assyrian power under Assur-nazir-pal and Shalmaneser III, their campaigns to reconquer lost territories, and the emergence of Urartu as a major rival. The chapter details the systematic rebuilding of the empire and the brutal methods used to maintain control.
- 2
- Describes the reign of Tiglath-pileser III, who decisively defeated Urartu and reorganized the empire with new administrative systems. The chapter covers his campaigns in Syria, the fall of Damascus, and the establishment of the deportation system that became characteristic of Assyrian rule.
- 3
- Details the reign of Sargon, who completed the conquest of Israel and built the magnificent capital of Dur-sharrukîn. The chapter describes his military campaigns, architectural achievements, and the consolidation of Assyrian power throughout the Near East.
Key Themes
- Imperial Revival and Decline
- The cyclical nature of empire, showing how Assyria declined under weak rulers but was revitalized under strong leadership. The text demonstrates how imperial power depends on effective leadership and military organization.
- Military Innovation and Warfare
- The evolution of ancient warfare, including the introduction of cavalry, siege engines, and systematic deportation policies. The text shows how military technology and tactics determined the fate of nations.
- Religious and Political Authority
- The intertwining of religious legitimacy and political power, seen in royal consecrations, divine mandates, and the role of prophets in challenging or supporting rulers.
Characters
- Assur-nazir-pal(major)
- Assyrian king (885-860 B.C.) who rebuilt the empire after a period of decline. Known for his military campaigns and brutal methods of conquest, he established Calah as his capital and created magnificent palaces.
- Shalmaneser III(major)
- Assyrian king (860-825 B.C.) who conducted thirty-two campaigns in thirty-five years. He fought against Damascus, Urartu, and various Syrian coalitions, establishing Assyrian dominance in the region.
- Tiglath-pileser III(protagonist)
- Assyrian king (745-727 B.C.) who revitalized the empire and reorganized its administration. He defeated Urartu, conquered Syria, and established the deportation system that became characteristic of Assyrian rule.
- Sharduris III(antagonist)
- King of Urartu who expanded his kingdom into Syria and challenged Assyrian supremacy. He was decisively defeated by Tiglath-pileser III, ending Urartu's bid for regional dominance.
- Ben-hadad II (Adadidri)(major)
- King of Damascus who led a coalition of twelve Syrian kings against Assyria. He fought Shalmaneser III at the battle of Qarqar and maintained Syrian independence for decades.
- Hazael(major)
- King of Damascus who assassinated Ben-hadad and continued resistance against Assyria. He dominated Israel and Judah but was eventually defeated by Shalmaneser III.
