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Dio's Rome, Volume 5: An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: And Now Presented in English Form

Cassius Dio Cocceianus

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Dio's Rome, Volume 5: An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: And Now Presented in English Form

Cassius Dio Cocceianus

History - Ancient

Translated by Herbert Baldwin Foster

A historical narrative originally composed in Greek during the early 3rd century AD. This volume, covering events from A.D. 54 to A.D. 211, focuses on the reign of the notorious Emperor Nero and his tumultuous relationships with notable figures such as Agrippina, Britannicus, and various witnesses of his tyranny. With an exploration of the extravagant decadence, political machinations, and violent episodes of Nero’s rule, the book portrays a portrait of imperial Rome during a time marked by moral disintegration and political strife. The opening of this volume immerses the reader in the chaotic world of Nero’s ascent to power, detailing his initial subservience to his mother Agrippina, whose ambitions ultimately backfire, leading to her demise at his hands. Dio juxtaposes Nero’s burgeoning tyrannical nature with vivid accounts of his extravagance and licentiousness, capturing the tension between his public persona and private depravity. The early chapters highlight the murder of Britannicus and other figures who pose threats to Nero's reign, setting the stage for a narrative rich in intrigue, betrayal, and the horrors of autocratic rule, painting a vivid picture of a city and an empire on the brink of moral and societal collapse.

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A historical narrative originally composed in Greek during the early 3rd century AD. This volume, covering events from A...

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Dio's Rome, Volume 5: An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: And Now Presented in English Form
Dio's Rome, Volume 5: An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: And Now Presented in English Form
Project Gutenberg · 392 pages
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About Dio's Rome, Volume 5: An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: And Now Presented in English Form

Chapter Summaries

61
Nero becomes emperor at age 17 after Claudius's death, initially guided by his mother Agrippina and advisors Seneca and Burrus. The chapter describes omens of his future matricide and his early displays of extravagance and cruelty.
62
A major revolt erupts in Britain led by Queen Buduica, who destroys Roman cities and kills thousands. The chapter includes her stirring speech against Roman oppression before Paulinus defeats her forces.
63
Nero travels to Greece to compete in artistic contests, winning through bribery and intimidation. The chapter details his theatrical performances and the beginning of Vindex's revolt in Gaul.

Key Themes

The Corruption of Power
Dio repeatedly shows how absolute power corrupts even well-intentioned rulers. Nero begins with promise under good advisors but descends into tyranny, while Domitian transforms from a capable administrator into a paranoid despot.
The Role of Advisors and Influence
The narrative emphasizes how emperors' characters are shaped by their counselors. Seneca and Burrus initially guide Nero toward virtue, while flatterers and freedmen lead him astray, demonstrating the crucial importance of wise counsel in governance.
Military Virtue vs. Civilian Decadence
Dio contrasts the disciplined virtue of military commanders like Corbulo and Trajan with the luxurious decadence of court life. Military campaigns often serve as tests of character and sources of legitimacy for rulers.

Characters

Nero(protagonist)
Roman Emperor from 54-68 AD, initially guided by advisors but gradually descending into tyranny and excess. Known for his artistic pretensions, cruelty, and the burning of Rome.
Agrippina(major)
Nero's ambitious mother who initially controlled the empire through her son. She secured Nero's adoption by Claudius but was later murdered by Nero when she became inconvenient.
Seneca(major)
Stoic philosopher and Nero's tutor who initially guided the young emperor toward good governance. Later fell from favor and was forced to commit suicide, revealing the contradictions between his philosophy and political involvement.
Burrus(major)
Praetorian prefect who, along with Seneca, initially guided Nero's reign toward moderation and good governance. Known for his military background and frank speaking to the emperor.
Vespasian(major)
Roman general who became emperor after the Year of Four Emperors, founding the Flavian dynasty. Known for his practical nature, fiscal responsibility, and successful military campaigns including the siege of Jerusalem.
Titus(major)
Vespasian's elder son who conquered Jerusalem and became emperor for a brief but beloved reign. Known for his generosity, the completion of the Colosseum, and his response to the eruption of Vesuvius.

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