Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01: The Old Pagan Civilizations

A historical account written in the late 19th century. The book explores ancient civilizations, specifically focusing on their religions, beliefs, and societal structures, including those of the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and the development of Brahmanism and Buddhism in India. It aims to provide a coherent understanding of how these early religious systems influenced subsequent cultures, particularly in relation to modern belief systems. The opening of the work introduces Lord's intention to summarize the substantial knowledge of these ancient civilizations while presenting a view of their religions as influences on character and morality. Lord emphasizes the importance of understanding these pagan religions, noting that they initially reflect pure monotheistic ideals that became complex and often corrupted over time. He outlines the polytheistic beliefs of the Egyptians, the dualism in Persian religion, and the eventual rise of Buddhism as a reform against Brahmanism. This foundation sets the stage for the detailed examination of how these religions have shaped human civilization and philosophical thought.