Römische Geschichte — Buch 4

A historical account written during the late 19th century. The book delves into the intricacies of Rome's dominance over various territories, particularly focusing on the Spanish provinces during the turbulent period of revolts and conquests. Mommsen's narrative captures the sweeping changes and complex interactions between the Roman Empire and the conquered cultures that ultimately shaped the foundations of Roman authority. The opening of the narrative introduces readers to the aftermath of the Macedonian state’s destruction, establishing Roman supremacy across a vast area stretching from the Pillars of Hercules to the Nile and Orontes rivers. It describes the state of the Iberian Peninsula under Roman rule, where various cultures, including Iberians, Celts, and Phoenicians, intermingle, leading to strife as local populations resist Roman authority. Key events are detailed, including significant battles against resistance leaders like Viriathus, who emerges as a symbol of defiance against Roman imperialism, illustrating both the individual efforts against subjugation and the larger thematic struggle between empire and autonomy. The section sets the stage for a detailed exploration of Roman military campaigns and the socio-political dynamics of the time.