Physiology: The Science of the Body

A scientific publication likely written in the early 20th century. This work delves into the complex mechanisms that govern the human body, focusing on how the biological systems function to sustain life. It aims to provide readers with a foundational understanding of physiology, emphasizing the significance of bodily activities and the principles of hygiene related to health. The opening of the book introduces the fundamental concepts of physiology, starting with the signs of life and differentiating the criteria for determining whether an entity is living. Martin explores various attributes of living organisms, notably motion and the distinction between living beings and mechanical objects. He presents intriguing thought experiments regarding how extraterrestrial observers might misinterpret machines as living entities. The author further develops the discussion by introducing cellular structures such as protoplasm and the various types of cells, asserting that life consists of the interactions and functions of these cellular components. Through these details, Martin sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the physiological principles that underlie human life.