Modern Machine-Shop Practice, Volumes I and II

A comprehensive technical manual focused on the operations and management of machine shops, written in the late 19th century. This work serves as a detailed guide for both seasoned mechanics and apprentices, covering a range of topics required for the efficient handling of machinery and tools, as well as the construction and use of various mechanical devices. The book emphasizes practical instruction grounded in established practices rather than theoretical concepts, aiming to enhance the skills and knowledge of its readers. The opening of this manual introduces the reader to fundamental concepts associated with gear-wheels, including their classification based on tooth arrangement, the geometry of gear teeth, and methods for measuring gear sizes. It presents the definitions for various types of gears—such as spur-wheels, bevel-wheels, and worm-wheels—while explaining crucial elements like pitch circles, diameters, and the relationship between tooth count and different types of pitch. The focus lies on providing clear, technical details that would aid machinists in understanding these components, thus establishing a foundational knowledge critical for the operations that will be elaborated upon in subsequent chapters.