Filosofía Fundamental, Tomo I

A philosophical treatise written during the mid-19th century. This work aims to delve into foundational philosophical questions, particularly focusing on the topic of certainty and its implications for human knowledge and understanding. Balmes expresses a desire to expand philosophical studies in Spain and protect against the rise of erroneous philosophical ideas. The opening of the book introduces the foundational issues surrounding the concept of certainty, arguing that it is crucial for establishing the basis of knowledge. Balmes asserts that philosophy should not start with doubt but should recognize the existence of certainty as an innate aspect of human nature. In the initial chapters, he discusses how humans instinctively know certain truths, such as their existence and the existence of the physical world around them, without needing to reflect on them intellectually. By emphasizing the significance of certainty, Balmes sets the stage for analyzing various philosophical approaches and the limitations of human understanding in grasping the essence of reality.