Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten)
Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten)
Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten) is a 1911 investigative work by Oskar Pfungst that examines the phenomenon of Clever Hans, an Orlov Trotter horse purported to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. Through a series of experiments, Pfungst reveals the mechanisms behind Hans's abilities, ultimately explaining the observer-expectancy effect. This work remains significant in discussions of animal intelligence and the psychological implications of human expectations in research.
X-Ray
Audiobook
Human narrated
![Birds and Nature, Vol. 12 No. 1 [June 1902]illustrated by Color Photography](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd3b2n8gj62qnwr.cloudfront.net%2FCOVERS%2Fgutenberg_covers75k%2Febook-47881.png&w=3840&q=75)
