An Ethical Problem; Or, Sidelights upon Scientific Experimentation on Man and Animals

One of the earliest sustained arguments against unrestricted animal experimentation, written by a man who once believed in it. Albert Leffingwell spent years defending vivisection before a growing unease led him to confront the moral costs hidden behind laboratory doors. What emerges is not a polemic but a careful reckoning: he does not reject medical research entirely, but insists that progress cannot be purchased through unexamined cruelty. By turns historical, personal, and quietly furious, the book reveals what the scientific establishment preferred to keep from public view. More than a period piece, it illuminates a debate that continues unchanged beneath the surface of modern medicine.