The World's Greatest Books — Volume 11 — Ancient and Mediæval History
1577
The World's Greatest Books — Volume 11 — Ancient and Mediæval History
1577
This volume gathers the most essential accounts of antiquity and the Middle Ages, transporting readers to the banks of the Nile where Egyptian civilization first stirred, through the marble columns of Athens and Rome, and into the turbulent centuries that followed the fall of empire. The collection draws heavily from the pioneering work of Gaston Maspero, whose groundbreaking histories of the ancient world established many of the foundations we still rely on today. Here you will find vivid depictions of pharaohs and conquests, the religious beliefs that sustained ancient peoples, and the political machinations that built and destroyed civilizations across the Mediterranean and beyond. What makes this anthology endure is its scope: it does not merely list dates and battles but breathes life into the men and women who shaped two millennia of human history. For readers who have ever stood before a Greek ruin or opened a textbook and wondered what it all meant, this volume offers a window into how we first began to understand our own deep past.
Editions
X-Ray
Joint editor of 'The World's Greatest Books' and founder of the Book of Knowledge.
Joint editor of 'The World's Greatest Books' and editor of Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopædia.
A renowned European expert in philology and Egyptology, author of a historical trilogy on ancient peoples.
A Jewish historian who wrote 'Antiquities of the Jews' and 'Wars of the Jews', providing unique accounts of Jewish history and conflicts with Rome.
About The World's Greatest Books — Volume 11 — Ancient and Mediæval History
Chapter Summaries
- MASPERO, GASTON — Dawn of Civilization
- This work introduces ancient Egypt, describing the Nile's role in shaping the land and its deification. It then delves into the complex Egyptian pantheon, legendary history from divine dynasties to human pharaohs, and the political constitution centered on the divine king. The narrative covers the Memphite and First Theban Empires, detailing their rulers, achievements, and eventual decline, setting the stage for the emergence of Chaldea and the eventual collision of these great powers.
- MASPERO, GASTON — Struggle of the Nations
- Maspero's second volume examines the interplay of the first Chaldean Empire, Syria, the Hyksos in Egypt, and the rise of the Assyrian Empire. It details the establishment of the Babylonian dynasty under Khammurabi, the Hyksos invasion of Egypt, and their eventual expulsion by Ahmosis, leading to the aggressive policies of the Eighteenth Dynasty. The narrative then shifts to the Cossaean kings in Babylon, the fragmented states of Syria, and the initial Egyptian conquests under Thutmosis I and III, culminating in the decline of the Theban Empire and the ascendancy of Assyria.
- MASPERO, GASTON — Passing of the Empires
- This volume chronicles the successive supremacies of Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Medo-Persian, and Iranian Empires from 850 B.C. to 330 B.C. It describes the Assyrian revival under kings like Assur-nazir-pal and Shalmaneser III, their conflicts with Babylon, Syria, and Urartu, and the eventual destruction of Israel. The narrative then covers the fall of Babylon to Tiglath-pileser III, the reign of Sargon II and Sennacherib, the rebuilding of Babylon under Esarhaddon, and the final decline of Assyria. It concludes with the rise of Cyrus the Great, the conquest of Babylon, and the Persian Empire's expansion, setting the stage for Alexander's entry.
Key Themes
- Rise and Fall of Empires
- This theme is central, explored through the detailed accounts of Egyptian dynasties, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, the Roman Empire's expansion and decline, and the shifting powers in medieval Europe. Authors like Maspero, Gibbon, and Mommsen meticulously document the cycles of imperial grandeur and eventual collapse.
- Impact of War and Conflict
- Warfare is a constant driver of historical change throughout the volume, from the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides) and Caesar's Gallic campaigns to the Crusades and the Norman Conquest. The texts highlight how conflicts reshape political landscapes, societies, and individual destinies.
- Role of Religion and Belief Systems
- Religion is presented as a profound force in shaping civilizations, influencing governance, social norms, and conflicts. Examples include Egyptian polytheism, Jewish monotheism, the rise of Christianity within the Roman Empire, and the spread of Islam in Egypt and Spain, as detailed by Josephus, Gibbon, Milman, and Lane-Poole.
Characters
- ARTHUR MEE(editor)
- Joint editor of 'The World's Greatest Books' and founder of the Book of Knowledge.
- J.A. HAMMERTON(editor)
- Joint editor of 'The World's Greatest Books' and editor of Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopædia.
- GASTON MASPERO(author/historian)
- A renowned European expert in philology and Egyptology, author of a historical trilogy on ancient peoples.
- FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS(author/historian)
- A Jewish historian who wrote 'Antiquities of the Jews' and 'Wars of the Jews', providing unique accounts of Jewish history and conflicts with Rome.
- HENRY MILMAN(author/historian)
- Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and author of 'History of the Jews', known for his scholarly historical works.
- HERODOTUS(author/historian)
- Styled the 'Father of History', born in Halicarnassus, whose 'History' records the causes and course of the Persian Wars.
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