The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

A scholarly examination of the ancient polytheistic beliefs practiced by the peoples of the Babylonian and Assyrian empires, written in the early 20th century. The work explores the intricacies of their religious system, covering roughly five millennia, examining the evolution of deities, rituals, and the influence of neighboring cultures, particularly Judaism and the later rise of Christianity. The opening of the text serves as an introduction to the religious landscape of ancient Mesopotamia, outlining the major themes to be explored throughout the work. It discusses the dual origins of the religion from the Sumero-Akkadians and Assyro-Babylonians and highlights the various deities and their significance. In particular, the author notes how the pantheons merged over time, as well as the continuous worship of certain gods, even in the wake of the introduction of monotheistic religions. Key aspects such as the role of temples, sacred texts, and the fundamental myths that shaped their understanding of existence are also introduced, setting the stage for a deeper exploration into the nuances of Babylonian and Assyrian religious practices.