The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes: Literally Translated with Notes

A collection of important political orations composed in the late 4th century BC. The speeches address the crucial geopolitical tensions of the time, specifically focusing on the rising threat posed by Philip II of Macedon and the responses required from the Athenian state to mitigate this danger. The orations serve as a rallying call for unity and action against Philip's encroachments, reflecting the urgency and complexity of the political landscape in ancient Greece. At the start of this work, the author sets the scene by discussing the historical context surrounding Olynthus, a city in Macedonia that becomes embroiled in conflict with Philip. Demosthenes articulates the dangers of Philip's escalating power and urges the Athenians to respond decisively by sending aid to the Olynthians while highlighting the lessons of past inaction that led to current challenges. His arguments emphasize the need for vigilance and proactive military support, arguing that neglecting this duty could lead to a loss of freedom and sovereignty for Athens. This opening portion establishes the pressing nature of the threat from Macedon and sets the tone for Demosthenes' impassioned advocacy for Athenian engagement.