The History of Korea (vol. 1 of 2)
1905

The History of Korea (vol. 1 of 2)
1905
This volume, published in 1905 when Korea faced losing its sovereign status to imperial Japan, represents one of the earliest comprehensive histories of Korea written in English by a Western scholar. Homer B. Hulbert spent over two decades in Korea and drew extensively from native Korean sources, offering a perspective rare for its time. The book traces the peninsula's civilization from its legendary origins with Tan-gun and Ki-ja through centuries of dynastic rule, examining Korea's distinctive cultural development, its governance systems, and how it maintained independence despite being surrounded by powerful neighbors. Hulbert's work matters not only as historical scholarship but as a window into how Korea's own historians understood their past at a moment when that nation stood at the precipice of colonization.
About The History of Korea (vol. 1 of 2)
Chapter Summaries
- 1
- Describes the legendary founding of Korea by Tan-gun, born from the union of the divine Whan-ung and a bear-woman. Tan-gun taught civilization to the wild tribes and established the first Korean kingdom at P'yŭng-yang.
- 2
- The Chinese sage Ki-ja flees to Korea after the fall of the Shang dynasty, bringing 5,000 followers and Chinese civilization. He establishes a kingdom at P'yŭng-yang and introduces laws, agriculture, and learning.
- 3
- Wi-man, a Chinese refugee, betrays Ki-jun's hospitality and seizes the throne through treachery. His dynasty lasts only 88 years before falling to Chinese invasion under Emperor Wu-ti.
Key Themes
- Divine Legitimacy of Rule
- Korean rulers consistently claimed divine or supernatural origins to legitimize their authority. From Tan-gun's divine birth to the miraculous origins of various kings, supernatural sanction was essential for political power.
- Chinese Cultural Influence vs Korean Independence
- The tension between adopting Chinese civilization (writing, Buddhism, Confucianism, government systems) while maintaining political and cultural independence. Korea repeatedly sought Chinese recognition while resisting Chinese domination.
- Buddhism vs Confucianism
- The ongoing struggle between Buddhist and Confucian influences in Korean society and government. Buddhism often appealed to rulers' superstitions while Confucianism provided practical administrative guidance.
Characters
- Tan-gun(major)
- Legendary first ruler of Korea, born from divine union between Whan-ung and a bear-woman. Founded the first Korean kingdom and taught civilization to the wild tribes.
- Ki-ja(major)
- Chinese sage who fled to Korea in 1122 B.C. after the fall of the Shang dynasty. Established a civilized kingdom and introduced Chinese culture, laws, and learning.
- Wi-man(major)
- Chinese refugee who betrayed Ki-jun's trust and seized the throne of Cho-sŭn through treachery. His dynasty lasted only 88 years before falling to Chinese invasion.
- Hyŭk-kŭ-se(major)
- Legendary founder of Sil-la kingdom in 57 B.C., said to have emerged from a luminous egg. Established the foundation of what would become Korea's longest-lasting kingdom.
- Chu-mong(major)
- Legendary founder of Ko-gu-ryŭ kingdom in 37 B.C. Born from an egg after his mother was impregnated by sunlight, he became a skilled archer and established the most warlike Korean kingdom.
- On-jo(major)
- Son of Chu-mong who founded the kingdom of Păk-je in 18 B.C. Established his kingdom in the southwest after fleeing south with his brother Pi-ryu.





