History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, Vol. 2 (of 3)
1904

History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, Vol. 2 (of 3)
1904
Volume two of Scott's monumental history turns to one of the Mediterranean's most contested stages: Sicily. Here the Arabs, having consolidated power in North Africa, launch their assault on the island's fertile shores. Scott chronicles the siege of Syracuse, the collapse of Byzantine defenses, and the establishment of Muslim rule across the island. But this is more than military chronicle. The narrative traces how two civilizations collided on strategic ground, how internal Byzantine fractures opened the door to conquest, and how the island would become a crucible where Christian and Islamic powers vied for supremacy for centuries. Scott writes with evident admiration for Moorish cultural and administrative achievements while documenting the violent mechanics of their expansion. The book captures a pivotal era when the Islamic world pressed relentlessly into European territory, reshaping politics, religion, and society across the Mediterranean. For readers drawn to medieval military history, the complex legacy of Islamic rule in Europe, or the forgotten campaigns that predated the Crusades, this volume offers a detailed, early twentieth-century scholarly perspective on a transformative period.
About History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Chapter Summaries
- XV
- Chronicles the Arab conquest of Sicily from 827-1072, from the initial invasion led by Asad-Ibn-Forat through the eventual Norman conquest. Details the sophisticated civilization that developed under Muslim rule and its ultimate fall.
- XVI
- Describes the fragmentation of the Khalifate after 1012 into competing principalities. Covers the rise and fall of various rulers and the establishment of the Council of State in Cordova, ending with the abolition of the khalifate.
- XVII
- Details Alfonso VI's conquests including Toledo, the appeal of Spanish Muslims to the Almoravides, and Yusuf's victory at Zallaca. Also covers the exploits of the Cid and the rise of Berber power in North Africa.
Key Themes
- Decline of Civilization
- The book chronicles the fall of the sophisticated Moorish khalifate into petty, warring principalities. This represents the broader theme of how political fragmentation leads to cultural and intellectual decay.
- Religious Warfare and Fanaticism
- The narrative shows how religious differences fuel conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and different Islamic sects. The Almoravides represent religious fundamentalism challenging more tolerant societies.
- Cultural Exchange and Tolerance
- Despite warfare, the book highlights moments of cultural synthesis, such as Alfonso's time in Toledo and the employment of Jewish advisors by Muslim rulers, showing medieval Spain's unique multicultural character.
Characters
- Alfonso VI(major)
- King of Castile and Leon, military genius who conquered Toledo and expanded Christian territory. Reformed administration and pursued aggressive campaigns against Moorish states.
- Yusuf-Ibn-Tashfin(major)
- Sultan of the Almoravides, conqueror of North Africa who crossed to Spain to aid the Moors. Defeated Alfonso at Zallaca and eventually claimed sovereignty over the Peninsula.
- Motamid(major)
- Prince of Seville, poet and patron of literature but ineffective ruler. His prodigality and weakness led to the decline of his kingdom and eventual appeal to the Almoravides.
- Rodrigo Diaz (The Cid)(major)
- Legendary Castilian knight and military commander. Served various masters including Christian and Moorish rulers, eventually controlling Valencia through cunning and force.
- Motadhid(major)
- Tyrant of Seville, cruel and dissolute ruler who collected skulls of enemies as trophies. Talented poet but brutal in his methods of maintaining power.
- Mamun(major)
- Emir of Toledo, enlightened ruler who patronized science and learning. His court was renowned for civilization and luxury, including the famous clepsydra of Al-Zarkal.




