Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition,"Arculf" to "Armour, Philip", volume 2, Slice 5

A comprehensive reference work written in the early 20th century. This volume serves as a collection of encyclopedic articles covering a wide range of topics, including historical figures, geographic locations, notable events, and scientific terms from antiquity to contemporary contexts. Of particular interest in this section are entries on Arculf, a Christian bishop, and Ardashir, the founder of the Sassanian empire, as well as detailed descriptions of various geographical and cultural subjects. The opening of this volume introduces Arculf, a Gallican bishop and pilgrim from the 7th century, who chronicles his travels through the Levant shortly after the rise of Islam. His narrative, conveyed to the abbot Adamnan, highlights significant sacred places in the Holy Land and gives insights into the era’s socio-political landscape under Islamic rule. Additionally, the text discusses Ardashir I, the first king of the Sassanian Empire, detailing his military conquests and religious reforms that established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. This rich array of articles reflects the depth and breadth of knowledge compiled in the Encyclopaedia, offering readers valuable insights into various subjects from history and geography.