A Marxizmus Társadalomelmélete: Elméleti Kritika És Történelmi Tanulságok

''A marxizmus társadalomelmélete : Elméleti kritika és történelmi tanulságok'' by Ottlik László is a scholarly treatise written in the early 20th century. The work offers a rigorous critique of Marxist social theory—especially its claims to scientific inevitability and its doctrine of historical materialism—paired with reflections drawn from recent history. It interrogates the logical, methodological, and ethical premises behind socialist prophecy and the notion of a predetermined communist future. The opening of the treatise explains why Marxism retains mass appeal despite decades of criticism, attributing its power to material promises, moral indignation at inequality, and quasi-religious belief, while arguing that prior critiques miss the core fatalistic “scientific” prediction. It then presents Marx’s famous forecast of capital concentration and the “expropriation of the expropriators,” situates it in the age of positivism and evolutionism, and contends that exact social prediction is impossible unless one illegitimately excludes the conscious human factor. The author defends the stability of human moral nature against socialist rationalism, arguing that utopian schemes ignore enduring psychological realities. He next dissects “historical materialism,” quoting Marx’s preface, and claims it is misnamed economism and, in effect, fatalism; he faults the neglect of psychology, the undefined notion of “class,” and dialectical vagueness. Citing Engels’s later letters that retreat to “interaction” among factors, he argues the original one-way determination collapses, and notes that serious historians had long integrated economic causes (e.g., readings of Rome’s decline). The section concludes by tracing the prophecy’s roots to Hegel’s “negation of the negation” and the utopia of a marketless society, exposing logical gaps (such as those highlighted by Oppenheimer) and emphasizing that collapse does not entail communism; the author then sets up three logical paths for capitalism’s future to examine next.