Edward Frankland1996

This is the first scientific biography of Edward Frankland, probably the most eminent chemist of nineteenth century Britain. Amongst many other achievements, he discovered the chemical bond and founded the science of organometallic chemistry (both terms are his invention). A controversial figure throughout his life, he became a leading reformer of chemistry teaching and for nearly forty years the government's close adviser on the purity of urban water supplies, arguably preventing a pandemic of water-borne disease. From an apprenticeship in a druggist's shop in Lancaster, he proceeded to London to become assistant lecturer in chemistry to Lyon Playfair, and then to a Ph.D. in Marburg under Robert Bunsen. After occupying the first chair of chemistry at Manchester he spent the rest of his career at numerous institutions in London, culminating in what was to become Imperial College. He was knighted in 1897. Today a certain obscurity of reputation stems from the conspiracy of silence surrounding Frankland's origins: he was the illegitimate son of a distinguished lawyer. Frankland never gave interviews and posterity has had to guess about many of his activities. Recently, however, Professor Russell has gained access to a vast collection of his private papers, and has discovered several other major deposits, making the Frankland archive one of the largest collections of scientific papers to come to light in Britain this century. These have been fully examined in this new study which discloses, amongst much else, webs of conspiracy in the scientific community that demand a radical revision of the social history of Victorian science. Russell's authoritative and lively account of Frankland's achievements will be of great interest not only to professional chemists and historians of science, but also to general readers concerned with the social fabric of Victorian England.