Five dimensions of homeland and international security

The Five Dimensions of Homeland and International Security project set out to understand better the intersections between homeland and international security and the implications of these connections for preparedness. For decades strategists endeavored to develop theories that helped policy makers safeguard vital national interest during Cold War. The post 9/11 world raises the specter of violent non-state actors able to inflict mass casualties even on the most powerful country in the world. Hurricane Katrina reminded us of the violence of nature that can also have a devastating impact on the nation. This project considered whether some national security concepts can help orient homeland security thinking to promote preparedness. The objective is to enhance the security of our society by being prepared to address a range of challenges. The project explored the applicability of "5Ds": deterrence, denial, dissuasion, defense and diplomacy. The goal was not to slavishly apply traditional concepts, but to seek a nugget of insight from each to help forge new, effective ways to support preparedness. In the immediate aftermath of 9/11 policymakers' attention focused on securing the homeland; however, we suggest that shaping the international environment can enhance or detract from homeland security. International security concepts may provide ways to influence the international environment that makes preparedness more effective at home.