Ysengrimus Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library

The twelfth-century Latin beast epic Ysengrimus is one of the great comic masterpieces of the Middle Ages. It recounts the persecution of the wolf Ysengrimus--who represents a hybrid abbot-bishop--by his archenemy Reynard the fox. The narrative's details are carefully crafted to make the wolf's punishment fit the abbot-bishop's crime.