Pinnock's Improved Edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome: To Which is Prefixed an Introduction to the Study of Roman History, and a Great Variety of Valuable Information Added Throughout the Work, on the Manners, Institutions, and Antiquities of the Romans; with Numerous Biographical and Historical Notes; and Questions for Examination at the End of Each Section.: By Wm. C. Taylor.
1818
Pinnock's Improved Edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome: To Which is Prefixed an Introduction to the Study of Roman History, and a Great Variety of Valuable Information Added Throughout the Work, on the Manners, Institutions, and Antiquities of the Romans; with Numerous Biographical and Historical Notes; and Questions for Examination at the End of Each Section.: By Wm. C. Taylor.
1818
This is a relic of how generations once learned about the ancient world. Originally composed by Oliver Goldsmith in the 18th century, this 1818 "improved edition" by William C. Taylor represents a particular species of 19th-century educational ambition: the desire to make Roman history accessible, orderly, and morally instructive for young minds. The book traces Rome's trajectory from its legendary founding through the unification of the Italian peninsula to the heights of imperial power, but it offers far more than political chronology. Taylor supplements the narrative with detailed examinations of Roman manners, institutions, and antiquities, biographical sketches of key figures, and questions for examination at the end of each section. The result reads less like modern history than like a course of study designed to produce educated citizens conversant in classical precedent. For readers curious about the history of education, the persistence of classical learning in the Anglo-American tradition, or simply the texture of 19th-century intellectual life, this volume provides an unexpected window into how an earlier era understood and taught the Romans.
About Pinnock's Improved Edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome: To Which is Prefixed an Introduction to the Study of Roman History, and a Great Variety of Valuable Information Added Throughout the Work, on the Manners, Institutions, and Antiquities of the Romans; with Numerous Biographical and Historical Notes; and Questions for Examination at the End of Each Section.: By Wm. C. Taylor.
Chapter Summaries
- I
- This chapter provides a geographical overview of Italy, detailing its natural divisions, mountain ranges (Alps, Apennines), and principal rivers. It describes the various ancient regions like Liguria, Cisalpine Gaul, Etruria, Latium, Campania, Umbria, Picenum, Samnium, Lucania, Bruttium, Apulia, and Calabria, and their inhabitants.
- II
- This chapter discusses the mixed origins of the Latin people, drawing connections to Grecian and Oscan elements. It critically examines the credibility of early Roman history, particularly the legend of Aeneas, highlighting the scarcity of reliable sources and the prevalence of legendary traditions.
- III
- This chapter details the legendary founding of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC, describing the ceremonies and the initial layout of the city on the Palatine hill. It traces the subsequent additions of other hills (Quirinal, Caelian, Viminal, Aventine, Esquiline, Capitoline) and the development of public works like the Forum, Capitol, and aqueducts.
Key Themes
- The Cycle of Power: Rise, Corruption, and Fall
- The book consistently illustrates how Rome's initial virtues (patriotism, discipline, frugality) led to its rise, but how immense wealth and power inevitably fostered corruption, luxury, and internal strife, ultimately leading to its decline and fall. This cycle is seen from the early kings to the later emperors.
- Ambition and its Consequences
- Ambition is a pervasive theme, driving many key figures from Romulus to Caesar and beyond. While it often fuels conquest and expansion, it also leads to civil wars, assassinations, and the erosion of republican values, demonstrating its destructive potential.
- The Role of Military Strength
- Roman military discipline, tactics, and the valor of its soldiers are repeatedly highlighted as crucial to its conquests and survival against formidable foes. However, the army's growing power also becomes a source of instability, as generals usurp authority and soldiers dictate imperial succession.
Characters
- Romulus(protagonist)
- The legendary founder and first king of Rome, who established its early institutions and population.
- Numa Pompilius(supporting)
- The second king of Rome, known for establishing religious ceremonies and promoting peace and agriculture.
- Tullus Hostilius(supporting)
- The third king of Rome, a warlike monarch who conquered Alba Longa.
- Ancus Martius(supporting)
- The fourth king of Rome, grandson of Numa, who focused on public works and limited warfare.
- Tarquinius Priscus(supporting)
- The fifth king of Rome, of Etruscan origin, who brought splendor to the city and expanded its influence.
- Servius Tullius(supporting)
- The sixth king of Rome, born of a bondwoman, who reformed the Roman constitution by empowering the plebeians.






