L'humanité Préhistorique
1928
A comprehensive scientific publication written in the early 20th century. The work presents a detailed synthesis of prehistoric times, exploring the development of human industries, the life of prehistoric humans, and their intellectual progress. It emphasizes the critical role of tools and language in human evolution. At the start of this volume, the author lays the groundwork for understanding the origins of humanity by discussing the significance of the hand and tool-making in human development. He posits that the ability to stand upright not only freed the hands for manipulation but also stimulated cognitive growth, leading to complex thought and societal structures. The beginning also highlights the scientific and historical uncertainties surrounding prehistoric studies, urging caution in drawing conclusions from limited archaeological data while emphasizing the interconnectedness of various scientific disciplines in understanding early human life.
About L'humanité Préhistorique
Chapter Summaries
- Avant-propos
- Henri Berr's philosophical introduction connecting human evolution to tool use and logical development. Emphasizes the hand as the external manifestation of the brain and the foundation of human technical progress.
- Avertissement
- De Morgan acknowledges the provisional nature of prehistoric knowledge and the need for constant revision as new discoveries emerge. Discusses recent findings that have modified his understanding.
- Considérations préliminaires
- Establishes the limitations and challenges of prehistoric studies, emphasizing that current knowledge covers only small geographical areas and that generalizations must be made cautiously.
Key Themes
- Technological Evolution
- The progression from crude stone tools to sophisticated metal working represents humanity's fundamental drive toward technical mastery and adaptation to environmental challenges.
- Scientific Method vs. Speculation
- De Morgan consistently warns against unscientific hypotheses and emphasizes the need for careful observation and evidence-based conclusions in prehistoric studies.
- Cultural Diffusion vs. Independent Development
- The debate over whether similar technologies and practices spread from single centers or developed independently in multiple regions across the globe.
Characters
- Jacques de Morgan(protagonist)
- Former director of antiquities of Egypt and general delegate in Persia. The author and main authority presenting this comprehensive study of prehistoric humanity.
- Henri Berr(major)
- Editor of the Evolution of Humanity series who wrote the extensive preface. Provides philosophical framework connecting prehistoric technical development to human evolution.
- Boucher de Perthes(major)
- Pioneer who demonstrated the coexistence of human industry with extinct mammals in Quaternary alluvium. Faced initial opposition but eventually converted leading scientists.
- Gabriel de Mortillet(major)
- Conservator at Saint-Germain museum who became the undisputed master of prehistoric archaeology for half a century through his remarkable work.
- Édouard Lartet(major)
- First to establish classification of Quaternary strata in France and conducted fruitful excavations in Vézère valley caves.
