Sir Richard Threlfall was an influential English chemist and engineer, renowned for his significant contributions to both academia and military science. He played a pivotal role in establishing the School of Physics at the University of Sydney, where he fostered a new generation of scientists and engineers. His work laid the groundwork for advancements in the field, particularly in the context of physics education in Australia. Threlfall's expertise was further recognized during World War I, where he made notable contributions to military science, enhancing the understanding of chemical applications in warfare. His achievements earned him prestigious accolades, including election as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1899, and he was later honored with the titles of Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1917 and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in 1927. Threlfall's legacy endures through his impact on science education and military applications of chemistry, marking him as a key figure in the advancement of these fields in the early 20th century.