A Vindication of England's Policy with Regard to the Opium Trade

A historical account written in the late 19th century. The work aims to defend and clarify the British stance on the opium trade between India and China, countering accusations made by various anti-opium advocates. In doing so, it seeks to address and dismantle what the author considers misleading narratives surrounding England's role in the opium trade. The opening of the text presents the author's preface, where Haines expresses his initial opposition to the opium trade influenced by the Anti-Opium Society's views before embarking on a detailed investigation of the topic. He reveals a transformation in his stance after examining both sides of the argument and consulting original sources. The preface sets the stage for Haines' intention to defend England's policy, rebutting allegations that the British were solely responsible for introducing opium to China and asserting that the trade was driven by both mutual demand and historical complexities rather than unilateral coercion.